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The Rumblings

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Evaluating Our Preconceived Notions About AI: Part 2

In our part 1 installment, we discussed why there is renewed interest in AI technology as well as a quick history of AI.  

In part 2, we continue evaluating our preconceived notions about AI with a focus on separating the fictional AI from the real-world benefits and dangers of AI. In addition, we will review the different types of AI, along with common misconceptions and assumptions about AI.  

Types of Real-World AI  

Various types of AI exist, each with its own capabilities and characteristics. This section will explore the four main types of AI: Reactive AI, Limited Memory AI, Theory-of-Mind AI and Self-Aware AI. 

Reactive AI
This type of AI focuses solely on the present moment and lacks memory or the ability to learn from past experiences. It reacts to specific situations based on pre-programmed rules and algorithms. Reactive AI is commonly used in tasks such as playing chess or answering questions based on a given data set. 

Limited Memory AI 
Unlike Reactive AI, this type can retain some information from past experiences. Limited Memory AI can learn and adapt its responses based on previous interactions or data inputs. It uses historical data to make informed decisions in real-time applications like autonomous driving or recommendation systems. 

Theory-of-Mind AI  
This type of AI goes beyond reactive and limited memory capabilities by understanding other entities' thoughts, beliefs, emotions and intentions. Theory-of-Mind AI can analyze human behaviors and predict future actions based on inferred mental states. It enables more advanced social interactions between humans and machines. 

Self-Aware AI  
Considered the most advanced form of artificial intelligence, Self-Aware AI possesses consciousness and self-awareness like human beings. This type deeply understands its existence, emotions, thoughts and desires and can reflect upon itself as an individual entity. We are still far away from this kind of AI. 

From reactive systems performing specific tasks, to self-aware AIs potentially revolutionizing industries, each type carries its own capabilities and possibilities for the future development of intelligent machines. It is important to note that while all these types have their unique attributes, we are currently at an early stage in developing genuinely self-aware artificial intelligence systems. Nonetheless, advancements in these AIs have significantly impacted various industries, such as healthcare diagnostics, autonomous vehicles and natural language processing applications. 

Common Misconceptions and Assumptions about AI 

Along with the excitement for and potential of AI, some common misconceptions and assumptions can lead to misunderstanding its capabilities. In this section, we will address some of these misconceptions and shed some more light on the reality of AI. 

  • AI will replace human jobs entirely.

    While it is true that AI can automate certain repetitive tasks, studies have shown that new job opportunities will emerge due to the integration of AI technologies. Instead of replacing humans, AI can potentially augment human capabilities by streamlining processes, increasing efficiency and enabling individuals to focus on more creative and strategic tasks. 

  • AI systems always make accurate decisions without any biases or errors.  

    However, like any technology humans create, AI systems are developed using algorithms and data sets, which can introduce biases or errors if not adequately addressed. It is crucial to ensure transparency in how these technologies are built and deployed to minimize biases. 

  •  AI possesses consciousness or emotions like humans.  

    This notion stems from popular culture portrayals where machines exhibit human-like behavior. Current AI systems lack consciousness or emotions, as they operate based on predefined rules and algorithms without subjective experiences. While AI systems are designed to mimic certain aspects of human intelligence, they are incapable of true consciousness or emotions. They operate based on algorithms and data analysis rather than genuine cognitive abilities. 

  • If humans lose control over AI, it will turn on humans and pose a dangerous threat. 

    This notion might stem from science fiction movies portraying malevolent superintelligent machines. However, the development of ethical guidelines and regulations ensures responsible use of AI technology. Many of these conversations over ethics are happening now. 

  • All AIs are highly advanced and sophisticated. 

    In reality, there are different levels of AI systems ranging from basic rule-based algorithms to more complex machine learning models. Not all applications of AI require cutting-edge technology; simple forms of automation can also fall under the umbrella term "AI." 

  • AI will eventually surpass human intelligence.  

    While AI has made significant advancements in specific tasks such as image recognition and natural language processing, it is essential to note that current AI systems are designed for specific purposes and lack the general intelligence of humans. AI operates based on algorithms and data analysis, whereas human intelligence encompasses many complex cognitive abilities. 

Understanding these common misconceptions about AI allows us to have more informed discussions about its potential and limitations. By dispelling myths surrounding this technology, we can better understand how it can be effectively used in various fields and industries. 

Fictional AI vs. Real-World AI 

Luckily for us, most of the movies or shows we watch or the books we read depict AI and other technology that's yet to be available and might not be for a long time. We are a long way away from worrying about killer robots. However, that doesn't mean that AI is entirely safe. The dangerous uses of AI have become a growing concern in recent years. While AI technology has the potential to bring about numerous benefits and advancements, it also poses certain risks if not used responsibly.  

In the following two sections, we will explore the benevolent uses that can help people while in addition to some of the dangerous uses of AI and the potential consequences it may have. 

Benevolent Uses

  • AI-Assisted Learning – In recent years, advancements in AI and assisted learning technologies have greatly influenced the field of education. AI has the potential to revolutionize the way we learn and acquire knowledge. 

  • Personalized Recommendations – AI algorithms can analyze user preferences and behaviors to provide personalized recommendations for products, services, movies, music and more. This helps consumers discover new items that align with their specific interests and tastes. 

  • Virtual Assistants – Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant utilize AI to understand natural language commands and provide helpful information or perform tasks on behalf of users. They can answer questions, set reminders, manage schedules, play music, control smart home devices and much more. 

  • Healthcare and Wellness – AI-powered healthcare applications assist consumers in monitoring various health metrics, such as heart rate, sleep patterns, exercise routines and nutrition intake. These tools offer insights into personal well-being while providing recommendations for healthier habits. 

  • Customer Service Chatbots – Many companies employ chatbots powered by AI algorithms to handle customer inquiries efficiently. These chatbots can respond instantly to frequently asked questions or direct customers to relevant resources or support personnel. 

  • Fraud Detection – AI algorithms help detect fraudulent activities in financial transactions by analyzing data patterns and quickly identifying suspicious behavior. This assists consumers in protecting their finances from potential scams or unauthorized access.  

  • Smart Home Automation – AI integration allows consumers to control various home devices using voice commands or automated routines. From adjusting lighting levels to regulating thermostats or managing security systems, these technologies enhance comfort and convenience at home. 

Dangers and Malevolent Uses

  • Biases and Discrimination – AI algorithms can perpetuate existing societal biases and discrimination because of how humans program them. This can affect hiring practices, loan approvals or criminal justice systems. 

  • AI Mistakes – As mentioned before, AI is not perfect or always correct. This means that outside of biases, AI technology could make a mistake and, depending on the mistake or technology, may cause harm.  

  • Exacerbating the Loneliness Epidemic – Technology has already caused a decline in face-to-face interaction and social skills​. But Virtual Therapists, AI Support or AI conversations and chats take the human quality of connection right off the table. 

  • Cybercriminals – AI technology could help nefarious characters with cyber warfare and hacking, cyber attacks, stealing sensitive information, disrupting critical infrastructure and even hacking autonomous weapons systems.  

  • Scammers – AI can create highly convincing phishing emails or even deep-fake videos for blackmail or spreading misinformation, making it easy to trick people, especially vulnerable populations (e.g., the elderly). 

  • Privacy and Data Concerns – Privacy invasion and surveillance could be misused by governments or organizations including tracking individuals without their consent. Facial recognition technology combined with powerful algorithms can enable mass surveillance and tracking of individuals without consent, potentially infringing upon our fundamental human rights. 

It is crucial to recognize these dangerous uses of AI to address them proactively through regulations, ethical guidelines and responsible development practices. By doing so, we can ensure that AI technology is harnessed for positive impact while minimizing its risks. Even with the AI technology that's "good," remember that it only stays good when used responsibly with appropriate safeguards in place. The ethical use of consumer data remains a crucial aspect that must be prioritized by businesses developing these technologies. 

BONUS: Popular Media That Features AI Technology   

Have you seen any of these popular movies depicting AI technology? We promise there will be no spoilers. 

2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)  
An American spacecraft, the Discovery One, is bound for Jupiter; however, most of Discovery's operations are controlled by HAL 9000, a computer with a human-like personality. When HAL reports the imminent failure of an antenna control device, one scientist checks to find nothing wrong. HAL suggests reinstalling the device and letting it fail so the problem can be verified. Mission Control advises the astronauts that the results from their backup 9000 computer indicate that HAL has made an error, but HAL blames it on human error. Concerned about HAL's behavior, the main two scientists enter an EVA pod so they can talk in private without HAL overhearing and agree to disconnect HAL if he is proven wrong. HAL follows their conversation by lip reading. It’s a good thing AI can’t read lips… yet.  

Her (2013)
This movie was a case study on loneliness set in the near future when a recently divorced writer acquires an "operating system" that includes an AI virtual assistant designed to adapt to his needs. He chooses the feminine quality in her voice, and she chooses her name, Samantha. While we do have feminine virtual assistants, they come nowhere near Samantha's level. 

Ex-Machina (2014)
This movie is a dark tale of a programmer selected by his large company to participate in an experiment evaluating how well an advanced humanoid AI can mimic a human. Again, we are far from worrying about humanoid AIs running around.  

So, what's the biggest takeaway on recent AI developments?

Most AI technology is still in development, but some can be used in our day-to-day lives. Businesses have utilized pieces and parts of AI technology that helps their businesses operate. AI has become a crucial tool for organizations across various industries, helping with anything from streamlining processes to enhancing decision-making capabilities. 

There is no escaping the AI conversation because it's here, and it's only growing. So, how do we navigate the future of AI? With caution. 

For now, we're embracing the positive side of AI and its benevolent uses for our personal and professional lives. As a business, we are currently leveraging, and will continue to leverage, AI technology in the ways we think it will be successful for our clients to drive success in advertising and marketing. We're very excited to see what new technology will become available in the next few years.  

 
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